Full Text DE-96-006
 
NATIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE AWARD - INSTITUTIONAL TRAINING
 
NIH GUIDE, Volume 25, Number 24, July 19, 1996
 
RFA:  DE-96-006
 
P.T. 44

Keywords: 
  Biomedical Research Training 
  Oral Diseases 
  Dentistry 
  Clinical Medicine, General 

 
National Institute of Dental Research
 
Letter of Intent Receipt Date:  September 13, 1996
Application Receipt Date:  October 22, 1996
 
PURPOSE
 
The National Institute of Dental Research (NIDR) invites new and
competing applications proposing National Research Service Award
(NRSA) Institutional Research Training Grant (T32) programs. The
objectives are: (a) to develop highly qualified oral health research
investigators, especially clinician scientists, by supporting
postdoctoral training of individuals with a health professional
degree who are committed to a research career in the basic
biomedical, behavioral and clinical sciences pertaining to
craniofacial, oral, and dental health and disease; (b) to provide re-
training opportunities for mid-career scientists and clinical
researchers to obtain expertise in particular basic or behavioral
sciences relevant to the NIDR areas of research emphasis; and (c) to
train pre- and early post-Ph.D. biomedical and behavioral scientists.
 
Background
 
Programs must be relevant to the research goals of the NIDR.  Primary
emphasis is placed upon understanding, preventing, diagnosing, and
treating craniofacial, oral, and dental diseases and disorders.
Current special areas of interest include: inherited diseases and
disorders, including the development of teeth and bone; emerging and
re-emerging infectious diseases, including bacterial, viral, fungal
and parasitic disorders and AIDS; neoplastic diseases; chronic
disabling diseases, such as osteoporosis and related bone disorders,
temporomandibular joint disorders, pain, neuropathies and
neurodegenerative diseases, and other systemic disorders with oral
manifestations; biomimetics, tissue engineering and biomaterials; and
behavior, health promotion, and environment.
 
These new areas of NIDR research emphasis encompass an extensive
breadth of basic and behavioral sciences, including molecular and
cell biology, neuroimmunology, human and molecular genetics,
bioengineering, computer science, molecular epidemiology, clinical
trials methodology, biobehavioral medicine, outcomes research,
cognitive psychology, medical sociology and health services research.
To offer the most appropriate training, applicants are encouraged to
consider developing, as deemed necessary, interdisciplinary
collaborations among various components of their health science
center as well as with other regional academic institutions and
private industry so that trainees are provided the strongest
background in the particular basic, clinical, and behavioral/social
sciences.
 
The NIDR has a strong interest in the training of individuals who
will be able to pursue clinical research studies, including clinical
trials. Several NIDR and NIH advisory groups and reports from the
Institute of Medicine and National Research Council, National Academy
of Sciences, have called attention to the need to expand the pool of
clinical investigators in order to take advantage of opportunities
for translation and transfer of fundamental knowledge to improve oral
health care of the public.  For this purpose, clinical research is
defined as research conducted with human subjects for which the
investigator directly interacts with individuals in either an
outpatient or an inpatient setting.  It is often referred to as
patient-oriented or patient-related research.  It includes such
topics as the characterization of normal and diseased function,
evaluation of new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques and devices,
patient compliance and disease prevention regimens, drug trials,
assessment of health care practices by various population subgroups,
and epidemiologic and biobehavioral studies.
 
There is a pool of mid-career oral health researchers, including
basic and behavioral scientists and clinical investigators, who wish
to update their scientific expertise and keep current with the rapid
knowledge developments in the basic, behavioral, and clinical
sciences.  It is important to provide some re-training mechanism that
would enable these individuals to remain viable, active, contributing
members of the scientific research community.  Additional training
also would be relevant for scientists who desire to change their
scientific focus and redirect their research efforts toward
craniofacial, oral, and dental health and disease.
 
HEALTHY PEOPLE 2000
 
The Public Health Service (PHS) is committed to achieving the health
promotion and disease prevention objectives of "Healthy People 2000,"
a PHS-led national activity for setting priority areas.  This Request
for Applications (RFA), NRSA - Institutional Training Awards, is
related to the priority area of oral health.  Potential applicants
may obtain a copy of "Healthy People 2000" (Full Report: Stock No.
017-001-00474-0 or Summary Report:  Stock No. 017-001-00473-1)
through the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office,
Washington, DC 20402-9325 (telephone 202/512-1800).
 
ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS
 
Applications may be submitted by domestic, public, and private
institutions, such as dental or
medical schools and research institutions.  Local collaborations or
regional consortia are encouraged where relevant to the field of
training being offered and feasible to establish.  This is especially
important for programs which provide training in interdisciplinary
fields, such as tissue engineering, molecular epidemiology, and
behavioral medicine.
 
Only one application may be submitted by an institution, unless the
proposed training programs are in distinctly different areas of
craniofacial, oral, and dental health and disease.
 
Levels of Training and Trainee Eligibility
 
Training in an NIDR area of emphasis is to be provided at one or more
of the following levels: (1) dentists, physicians, or other health
professionals pursuing postdoctoral clinical research training; (2)
mid-career scientists and clinical researchers who wish to re-train
in a basic or behavioral science area related to craniofacial, oral,
and dental health and disease; (3) baccalaureate degree holders
pursuing a Ph.D. or equivalent degree; (4) dentists wishing to pursue
a Ph.D. or equivalent degree in a basic biomedical or behavioral
science, although these individuals are encouraged to enter an
Institutional Dentist Scientist Award program if they also desire to
obtain training in a clinical specialty; and (5) Ph.D. degree holders
pursuing postdoctoral research training, although generally they are
expected to apply for an individual postdoctoral NRSA fellowship (F32
mechanism).
 
Preference should be given to post-doctoral trainees who have
received, as of the beginning of an appointment, a dental or medical
degree from an accredited domestic or foreign institution.  If the
degree has not yet been conferred, a statement, by an authorized
official of the degree-granting institution, that all degree
requirements have been met is acceptable.
 
Predoctoral trainees must have received a baccalaureate degree as of
the beginning of the appointment and be enrolled in a graduate
program leading to the award of a Ph.D. or an equivalent degree in
biomedical or behavioral oral health research.
 
Individuals who wish to interrupt their professional school studies
for one or more years to engage in full-time research training before
completing their professional degrees are eligible; however, prior
approval by the NIDR, as well as by the institution, is required
before an appointment can be offered.
 
Short-term predoctoral research training positions cannot be
requested through this RFA.  Instead, these types of positions must
be supported through NRSA Short-Term Institutional Training grants
(T35 mechanism).
 
Trainees must be citizens or noncitizen nationals of the United
States, or have been lawfully admitted for permanent residence and
possess an Alien Registration Receipt Card (I-151 or I-551).
Noncitizen nationals, although not citizens of the United States, owe
permanent allegiance to the U.S.  They are generally born in lands
which are not states but are under U.S. sovereignty, jurisdiction, or
administration.  Individuals on temporary or student visas are not
eligible.
 
MECHANISM OF SUPPORT
 
Awards resulting from this RFA will be the National Institutes of
Health (NIH), NRSA Institutional Research Training Grants (T32).
Responsibility for the planning, direction, and execution of the
proposed project will be solely that of the applicant.  The total
project period for each application submitted in response to this RFA
may not exceed five years.  Awards may be renewable upon submission
of a successful competing continuation application, depending on
programmatic needs and the availability of funds.  The anticipated
award date is July 1, 1997.
 
Trainees may receive up to five years of NRSA support at the
predoctoral level and three years of support at the postdoctoral
level, including any combination of support from institutional
training awards and individual fellowship awards.  Extensions beyond
these periods require a waiver from the NIH.  It is expected that
postdoctoral trainees with Ph.D., D.D.S./D.M.D., M.D. or equivalent
degrees will engage in not less than two years training.  However,
those mid-career scientists and clinical researchers who seek re-
training in basic or behavioral science research can spend between
one to two years in the program, depending on the desired level of
expertise to be obtained and the period of time allowed by their home
institutions for sabbatical or leave-of-absence.
 
FUNDS AVAILABLE
 
In response to this RFA, the NIDR expects to make up to three new or
competing continuation awards, each with two postdoctoral positions
in the first year.  The estimated total funding for all awards is
$270,000 in the first year.  This level of support is dependent on
the receipt of a sufficient number of applications of high scientific
and educational merit.
 
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
 
The training program must provide opportunities for individuals to
carry out supervised biomedical or behavioral research and develop
research skills in an area of NIDR emphasis related to craniofacial,
oral, and dental health and disease.  Clinical research programs must
have strong relationships with basic or behavioral scientists to
ensure that trainees will have the opportunity to acquire the
necessary foundation for independent investigation.
 
The training program director will be responsible for the selection
and appointment of trainees and for the overall direction of the
program.
 
Applicants must request six postdoctoral positions over the five-year
period, with two appointments in each of the first, second, and third
years.  In order to address the need for clinical investigators,
applicants must allocate not less than two postdoctoral positions to
trainees with a declared interest in receiving training to conduct
clinical research.  Such appointments must be made in the first and
second years of the award.  The remaining postdoctoral positions may
be allocated to basic, behavioral, or clinical research trainees in
any of the research emphasis areas relevant to the NIDR's mission.
At least one of these positions should be for re-training a mid-
career scientist or clinical research investigator.  Up to three
predoctoral positions may be requested for the five year period.  The
number and types of positions awarded will be determined by the
initial review group's assessment of scientific and educational
merit, program needs, and the availability of funds.
 
Training grants may not be used to support studies leading to a
dental, medical, or other similar professional degrees, or to support
residencies, or other training for dentists providing care to
patients where the majority of their time is spent in non-research
clinical training. However, if a specified period of full-time
research training is creditable toward specialty board certification,
the training grant may support such research training if the trainee
has shown a clear interest in a research career.
 
Applicants are reminded of the importance the NIDR places on
recruitment and retention of women and underrepresented minorities to
sponsored training and career development programs. Where feasible,
women and minority mentors should be involved as role models.
 
Additional information regarding NRSA Institutional Research Training
Grants is given in the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts, Vol. 23,
No. 21, June 3, 1994.  Copies of the NIH Guide are usually available
through the NIH Home Page, as well as in the office of sponsored
research of most academic institutions and from the Office of
Extramural Outreach and Information Resources, at the address below.
 
Stipends and Other Training Costs
 
For predoctoral trainees at all levels of experience, the current
stipend is $10,008 per year.
 
For postdoctoral trainees, stipends are provided as a subsistence
allowance to help defray living expenses during the research training
experience.  The stipend is not provided as a condition of employment
with either the Federal Government or the sponsoring institution.
Stipend level for the first year of NRSA support is determined by the
number of years of relevant postdoctoral experience at the time of
appointment.  Relevant experience may include research, including
industrial; teaching; internship; residency; clinical practice; or
other time spent in a health-related field beyond that of the
qualifying doctoral degree.  The current postdoctoral stipend levels
are as follows:
 
Years of Relevant Experience       Stipend
 
     0                             $19,608
     1                              20,700
     2                              25,600
     3                              26,900
     4                              28,200
     5                              29,500
     6                              30,800
     7 or more                      32,300
 
The stipend for each subsequent year of NRSA support is the next
level in the stipend structure and begins on the anniversary
appointment date.  No departure from the standard stipend schedule
may be negotiated between the institution and trainee.
 
Stipend Supplementation - Stipends may be supplemented by an
institution from non-Federal funds to offset the cost of living.
Other NIH funds may not be used to supplement stipends.  Under no
circumstances may Public Health Service (PHS) funds be used for
supplementation.  Non-NIH Federal funds may not be used for stipend
supplementation unless specifically authorized under the terms of the
program from which the supplemental funds are derived and the program
whose funds are to be supplemented.  An individual may make use of
Federal educational loan funds or Department of Veterans' Affairs
benefits when permitted by those programs. Under no circumstance may
the condition of stipend supplementation detract from or prolong the
training.
 
Tuition and fees - Beginning in Fiscal Year 1997, the NIH will offset
the combined cost of tuition, fees, and self-only health insurance at
the following rate:  100 percent of all costs up to $2,000 and 60
percent of costs above $2,000.  Costs associated with tuition and
fees are allowable only if they are required for specific courses in
support of the research training experience funded by the training
grant, and only if such charges are required of all persons in a
similar training status at the institution, without regard to their
source of support. Annual increases in tuition costs beyond the first
year of a five-year award will not be allowed.  Family medical
insurance is not allowable under an NRSA award.  For a description of
this policy change, refer to the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts,
Volume 25, No. 2, February 2, 1996.
 
Trainee travel, including attendance at scientific meetings that the
institution determines to be necessary to the individual's training,
is an allowable trainee cost in the amount of $800 per year per
trainee.
 
Institutional costs of $1,500 per year per predoctoral trainee and
$2,500 per year per postdoctoral trainee may be requested to defray
the cost of training related expenses, such as staff salaries,
consultant costs, equipment, research supplies, and staff travel.
 
Indirect costs - reimbursement of actual indirect costs at a rate up
to, but not exceeding, eight percent of the total direct costs,
exclusive of tuition, fees, and equipment, is allowed.
 
Payback Provisions
 
Postdoctoral trainees must complete and sign a Payback Agreement Form
(PHS 6031) to fulfill the NRSA payback requirement when they are
appointed initially to a research training grant. Postdoctoral
trainees in the first twelve months of NRSA support incur one month
of obligation for each month of support.  Postdoctoral trainees in
the thirteenth and subsequent months of NRSA support are not required
to sign the Payback Agreement Form and do not incur a service payback
obligation.  The thirteenth and subsequent months of postdoctoral
NRSA support are considered acceptable payback service for prior
postdoctoral support.  Individuals appointed to their initial NRSA
postdoctoral period in a project funded in response to this RFA and
who continue under that award for two years have fulfilled their
obligation by the end of their second year.  Service payback
obligations also can be paid back by conducting biomedical or health-
related behavioral research, teaching in a health professional
school, college, or high school, or engaging in additional research
training for more than 20 hours per week for a period equal to the
period of support, up to 12 months.  Clinical practice and
administrative responsibilities not directly related to scientific
research are unacceptable for payback service.
 
Postdoctoral NRSA recipients must begin to undertake any remaining
obligated service on a continuous basis within two years after
termination of NRSA support.  The period for undertaking payback
service may be delayed for such reasons as temporary disability,
completion of residency requirements, or completion of the
requirements for a graduate degree.  Requests for an extension must
be made in writing to the Division of Extramural Research, NIDR,
specifying the need for additional time and the length of the
required extension.  Recipients of NRSA support are responsible for
informing the Division of Extramural Research, NIDR, of changes in
status and address.  Individuals who fail to fulfill the obligation
through service must pay back the total amount of funds paid to the
individual for the obligation period plus interest at a rate
determined by the Secretary of the Treasury.  Financial payback must
be completed within three years of the date the United States becomes
entitled to recover such amount.  Under certain conditions, the
Secretary of Health and Human Services may extend the period for
starting service or for repayment, permit breaks in the period of
service or repayment, or otherwise waive or suspend the payback
obligation of an individual.
 
Officials of the applicant organization responsible for recruitment
of trainees should familiarize themselves with the terms of the
payback service requirement and explain them carefully to prospective
trainees before an appointment to the training grant is offered.
 
For additional information, including the grounds for approving
extensions of support and payback provisions, refer to the
announcements in the NIH Guide, "National Research Service Awards -
Guidelines for Individual Awards - Institutional Grants," Special
Edition, Volume 13, No. 1, January 6, 1984, and "Modification of the
NRSA Service Payback Obligation," Volume 22, No. 27, July 30, 1993.
 
INCLUSION OF WOMEN AND MINORITIES IN RESEARCH INVOLVING HUMAN
SUBJECTS
 
It is the policy of the NIH that women and members of minority groups
and their subpopulations must be included in all NIH supported
biomedical and behavioral research projects involving human subjects,
unless a clear and compelling rationale and justification is provided
that inclusion is inappropriate with respect to the health of the
subjects or the purpose of the research.  This new policy results
from the NIH Revitalization Act of 1993 (Section 492B of Public Law
103-43) and supersedes and strengthens the previous policies
concerning the inclusion of women in study populations, and
concerning the inclusion of minorities in study populations, which
have been in effect since 1990.  The new policy contains some
provisions that are substantially different from the 1990 policies.
 
All investigators proposing research involving human subjects should
read the "NIH Guidelines for Inclusion of Women and Minorities as
Subjects in Clinical Research," which have been published in the
Federal Register of March 28, 1994 (FR 59 14508-14513) and reprinted
in the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts, Volume 23, Number 11,
March 18, 1994.
 
Investigators also may obtain copies of the policy from the program
staff listed under INQUIRIES. Program staff may also provide
additional relevant information concerning the policy.
 
LETTER OF INTENT
 
Prospective applicants are asked to submit, by September 13, 1996, a
letter of intent that includes a descriptive title of the proposed
research training program; the name, address, and telephone number of
the program director; the identities of other key personnel and
participating institutions; and the number and title of the RFA in
response to which the application may be submitted.
 
Although a letter of intent is not required, is not binding, and does
not enter into the review of subsequent applications, the information
that it contains is helpful in planning for the review of
applications.  It allows NIDR staff to estimate the potential review
workload and to avoid conflicts of interest in the review.
 
The letter of intent is to be sent to Dr. James A. Lipton at the
address listed under INQUIRIES.
 
APPLICATION PROCEDURES
 
It is strongly recommended that prospective applicants contact Dr.
Lipton early in the planning phase of application preparation.  This
will help ensure that applications are responsive to the RFA.
 
Applications are to be submitted on form PHS 398 (rev. 5/95).
Applications kits are available at most institutional offices of
sponsored research and may be obtained from the Grants Information
Office, Office of Extramural Outreach and Information Resources,
National Institutes of Health, 6701 Rockledge Drive, MSC 7910,
Bethesda, MD 20892-7910, telephone 301/710-0267, email:
ASKNIH@odrockm1.od.nih.gov; and from Dr. Lipton at the address listed
under INQUIRIES.
 
For competitive continuation applications, cumulative information on
the career development of all former trainees, including information
about their minority and gender status, must be included. For new
applications, data should be provided about the career
accomplishments of individuals who have completed research training
programs at the institution(s).
 
Applications must include a description of formal and or informal
activities related to instruction about the responsible conduct of
research to be incorporated into the proposed research training
program.  Information must be provided on the rationale, subject
matter, appropriateness, format, frequency, and duration of
instruction; and the amount and nature of faculty participation.
Progress reports in competing and non-competing continuation
applications must include the type of instruction, topics covered,
and other details, such as attendance by trainees and names of the
instructors.  No award will be made if an application lacks this
component.
 
Information regarding, "Modification of Existing Review Criteria for
NRSA Institutional Research Training Grants," is given in the NIH
Guide, Vol. 21, No. 11, March 20, 1992.
 
To identify the application as a response to this RFA, check "YES" on
item 2 on the face page of the application and enter "RFA: DE-96-006
after Number and NRSA - Institutional Training Awards" after Title.
The RFA label available in the application form PHS 398 must be
affixed to the bottom of the face page.  Failure to use this label
could result in delayed processing of the application such that it
may not reach the review committee in time for review.
 
Submit a signed, typewritten original of the application, including
the Checklist, and three signed, photocopies, in one package to:
 
DIVISION OF RESEARCH GRANTS
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH
6701 ROCKLEDGE DRIVE, ROOM 1040 MSC 7710
BETHESDA, MD  20892-7710
BETHESDA, MD  20817 (for express/courier service)
 
At the time of submission, two additional copies of the application
also must be sent to:
 
H. George Hausch, Ph.D.
Division of Extramural Research
National Institute of Dental Research
Natcher Building, Room 4AN.44F
Bethesda, MD  20892-6402
Telephone:  (301) 594-2372
 
This RFA is for a single competition.  Applications must be received
by October 22, 1996. If an application is received after that date or
deemed non-responsive to the RFA, it will be returned to the
applicant without review.  The DRG will not accept any application
that is essentially the same as one already reviewed.  This does not
preclude the submission of substantial revisions of applications
already reviewed, but such applications must include an introduction
addressing the previous critique.
 
REVIEW CONSIDERATIONS
 
Applications will be reviewed for completeness and responsiveness to
the RFA by NIH staff.  Incomplete or nonresponsive applications will
be returned to the applicant without further consideration.
Applications that are complete and responsive to the RFA will be
evaluated for scientific and technical merit by an appropriate peer
review group convened by the NIDR in accordance with the standard NIH
peer review procedures.  As part of the initial merit review, all
applications will receive a written critique and undergo a process in
which only those applications deemed to have the highest scientific
merit, generally the top half of applications under review, will be
discussed, assigned a priority score, and receive a second level
review by the National Advisory Dental Research Council.
 
The following review criteria will be applied:
 
o  Research training program objectives, design, and direction:
management structure; core curriculum and available courses or
seminars; how guided research activities are selected and trainees
are assigned to preceptors; procedures for monitoring progress;
existence of a true training program, as contrasted with fellowship
training for an individual; appropriateness of the number of
trainees; unique and innovative aspects.
 
o  Program director, faculty and preceptors: Administrative and
scientific qualifications, roles, time commitment, ability to compete
for research support, and experience in graduate research training.
 
o  Training environment:  Institutional commitment; evidence of
ongoing fundamental and clinical research; availability of research
support, equipment, facilities, and clinical resources.
 
o  Selection of trainees:  Plans for recruitment and criteria for
selection of trainees, especially mid-career basic or behavioral
scientists and clinical research investigators, and availability of
high-quality candidates, including minorities and women.
 
o  Past training record:  For new and renewal applications, potential
or performance in training scientists as indicated by former
trainees' success in obtaining research grant support, establishing
independent research careers, and involvement in clinical, basic, and
behavioral oral health research.
 
o  Recruitment and retention of women and minority trainees:  After
review of the application for scientific and educational merit and
assignment of a priority score, the Special Grants Review Committee
will comment on plans for recruiting women and underrepresented
minorities. For renewal applications, this will include
accomplishments in recruiting and retaining women and
underrepresented minorities and training them for research careers.
 
o  Responsible conduct of research:  The quality of scientific
integrity instruction.
 
The second level of review will be by the National Advisory Dental
Research Council (NADRC). Among the information the NADRC considers
will be the report of the Special Grants Review Committee on the
plans for, and success in, recruitment and retention of women and
individuals from underrepresented minority groups.
 
The NIDR will notify the applicant of the NADRC's action shortly
after its meeting.
 
Schedule
 
Applications will be processed according to the following schedule:
 
Letter of Intent Receipt Date: September 13, 1996
Application Receipt Date:      October 22, 1996
Initial Review Group Meeting:  February 1997
Council Meeting:               June 1997
Earliest Award Date:           July 1, 1997
 
AWARD CRITERIA
 
Funding decisions will be based on the Special Grant Review
Committee's and NADRC's recommendations; the need for research
personnel in particular program areas, including the need to train
clinical investigators; and the availability of funds.  The earliest
award date is July 1, 1997.
 
The NIDR appreciates the value of complementary funding from other
public and private sources, including foundations and industrial
concerns, for activities that will complement and expand those
supported by the NIDR.
 
INQUIRIES
 
Written and telephone inquiries concerning this RFA are encouraged.
The opportunity to clarify any issues or questions from potential
applicants is welcome.
 
Direct inquiries regarding programmatic issues to:
 
James A. Lipton, D.D.S., Ph.D.
Division of Extramural Research
National Institute of Dental Research
Natcher Building, Room 4AN-18J
Bethesda, MD  20892-6402
Telephone:  (301) 594-2618 or 594-7710
FAX:  (301) 480-8318
Email:  liptonj@de45.nidr.nih.gov
 
Direct inquiries pertaining to fiscal matters to:
 
Mr. Martin R. Rubinstein
Division of Extramural Research
National Institute of Dental Research
Natcher Building, Room 4AS-55
Bethesda, MD  20892-6402
Telephone:  (301) 594-4800
FAX:  (301) 480-8301
Email:  rubinstein@de45.nidr.nih.gov
 
AUTHORITY AND REGULATIONS
 
This program is described in the Catalog of Federal Domestic
Assistance No. 93.121.  NRSA Institutional Research Training Grants
are made under the authority of Section 487 of the Public Health
Service (PHS) Act as amended (42 USC 288).  Title 42 of the Code of
Federal Regulations, Part 66, is applicable to this program.  This
program is not subject to the intergovernmental review requirements
of Executive Order 12372 or Health Systems Agency review.
 
The PHS strongly encourages all grant and contract recipients to
provide a smoke-free workplace and promote the non-use of all tobacco
products.  In addition, Public Law 103-227, the Pro-Children Act of
1994, prohibits smoking in certain facilities (or in some cases, any
portion of a facility) in which regular or routine education,
library, day care, health care or early childhood development
services are provided to children.  This is consistent with the PHS
mission to protect and advance the physical and mental health of the
American people.
 
.

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