United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
Participating Organizations
Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) at http://www.cdc.gov/
Components of Participating Organizations
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC/CDC) at http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/
Title: Dissertation Grant Awards for Doctoral Candidates for Violence-Related Injury Prevention Research in Minority Communities (R49)
The policies, guidelines, terms, and conditions of the HHS Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stated in this announcement might differ from those used by the HHS National Institutes of Health (NIH). If written guidance for completing this application is not available on the CDC website, then CDC will direct applicants elsewhere for that information.
Authority: This program is authorized under Section 301 (a) [42 U.S.C. 241(a)] of the Public Health Service Act, and Section 391 (a)[42 U.S.C. 280 b(a)] of the Public Health Service Act, as amended
Announcement Type: New
Instructions for Submission of Electronic Research Applications:
If you do not have access to the Internet, or if you have difficulty accessing the forms online, you may contact the CDC Procurement and Grants Office Technical Information Management Section (PGOTIMS) staff. For this, or further assistance, contact PGO TIMS: Telephone (770) 488-2700, Email: PGOTIM@cdc.gov.
NOTICE: Applications submitted in response to this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) for Federal assistance must be submitted electronically through Grants.gov (http://www.grants.gov) using the SF424 Research and Related (R&R) forms and the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide.
This FOA must be read in conjunction with the application package instructions included with this announcement on Grants.gov/Apply for Grants (hereafter referred to as, Grants.gov/Apply.)
A registration process is necessary before submission, and applicants are strongly encouraged to start the process at least four weeks prior to the grant submission date. See Section IV.
Two steps are required for on time submission:
1) The application must be successfully received by Grants.gov no later than 5:00 p.m. Eastern Standard Time on the application submission receipt date (see Key Dates below.)
2) Applicants must complete a verification step in the Electronic Research Administration (eRA Commons) within two business days of notification. Note: Since email can be unreliable, it is the responsibility of the applicant to periodically check on their application status in the eRA Commons.
Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) Number: RFA-CE-08-005
Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Number(s): 93.136
Key Dates
Release/Posted Date: January 18, 2008
Letter of Intent Receipt Date: January 17, 2008
Application Submission Receipt Date(s): February 15, 2008
Peer Review Date(s): March
- April, 2008
Council Review Date(s): May
- June, 2008
Earliest Anticipated Start Date(s): September
2008
Additional Information to Be
Available Date: January 15, 2008
Technical assistance will be
available for potential applicants during one conference call. The call
for eligible applicants will be held on January 15, 2008 from 1:30 p.m.
to 3:00 p.m. (Eastern Time). The conference can be accessed by calling:
1-866-704-7564, stating the leader name: Ms Lady Patterson, and entering
the passcode: 1314492.
Expiration Date: February 16, 2008
Due Date for E.O. 12372
Executive Order 12372 does not apply to this program.
Additional Overview Content
Executive Summary
Funding Opportunity Announcement Glossary: FOA Glossary Terminology
Table of Contents
Part I Overview Information
Part II Full Text of Announcement
Section I. Funding Opportunity
Description
1. Research Objectives
Section II. Award Information
1. Mechanism(s) of Support
2. Funds Available
Section III. Eligibility Information
1. Eligible Applicants
A. Eligible Institutions
2. Cost Sharing or Matching
3. Other - Special Eligibility Criteria
Section IV. Application and
Submission Information
1. Request Application Information
2. Content and Form of Application
Submission
3. Submission Dates and Times
A. Receipt and Review
and Anticipated Start Dates
1. Letter
of Intent
B. Submitting an Application
to CDC
C. Application Processing
4. Intergovernmental Review
5. Funding Restrictions
6. Other Submission Requirements
Section V. Application Review
Information
1. Criteria
2. Review and Selection Process
A. Additional Review
Criteria
B. Additional Review
Considerations
C. Sharing Research
Data
D. Sharing Research
Resources
3. Anticipated Announcement and Award
Dates
Section VI. Award Administration
Information
1. Award Notices
2. Administrative and National Policy
Requirements
A. Cooperative Agreement
1. Recipient
Rights and Responsibilities
2. CDC
Responsibilities
3. Collaborative
Responsibilities
3. Reporting
Section VII. Agency Contact(s)
1. Scientific/Research Contact(s)
2. Peer Review Contact(s)
3. Financial/ Grants Management Contact(s)
4. General Questions Contact(s)
Section VIII. Other Information
- Required Federal Citations
Part II - Full Text of Announcement
Section I. Funding Opportunity Description
1. Research Objectives
The National Center for Injury Prevention and Control of CDC within HHS is committed to achieving the health promotion and disease prevention objectives of "Healthy People 2010" and to measuring program performance as stipulated by the Government Performance and Review Act (GPRA). This FOA addresses Healthy People 2010 priority area(s) of injury and violence prevention and is in alignment with NCIPC performance goal(s) to conduct a targeted program of research to reduce injury-related disability. For more information, see www.healthypeople.gov and http://intra-apps.cdc.gov/fmo/.
The purposes of this FOA are to:
Research Objectives
NCIPC is soliciting applications for support of public health dissertation research / violence-related injury prevention research that will help expand and advance our understanding of violence, its causes, and prevention strategies in minority communities. For this RFA, the proposed research must address one of the research priorities listed in the following chapters from NCIPC’s research agenda; Preventing Intimate Partner Violence, Sexual Violence, and Child Maltreatment, Preventing Suicidal Behavior, or Preventing Youth Violence. NCIPC’s research agenda can be accessed online at the following address: http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/pub-res/research_agenda/agenda.htm. In addition, the proposed research must address the research priority as it pertains to a minority community.
See Section VIII, Other Information - Required Federal Citations, for policies related to this announcement.
1. Mechanism(s) of Support
This funding opportunity is a research grant and will use the R49 activity code.
The predoctoral student is the Project Director/Principal Investigator (PD/PI) of the application. As an applicant, you will be solely responsible for planning, directing, and executing the proposed project under the supervision, and with the approval, of a university-approved and appointed doctoral committee. These awards support research activities related to preparation of a dissertation and do not support study leading to the M.D., D.O., D.D.S., or similar professional degrees unless they are part of a combined degree program.
A detailed categorical budget for the Initial budget Period and the Entire Proposed Period of Support must be submitted with the application.
2. Funds Available
The participating Centers, Institutes, and Offices (CIOs) (NCIPC) intend to commit approximately $100,000 (direct and indirect cost) dollars in FY2008 to fund up to 4 applications. The average award amount will be up to $25,000 total (direct and indirect costs) for the first 12-month budget period. An applicant may request a project period of up to 1 year. An applicant may request up to $25,000 maximum for the first 12-month budget period. The approximate total project period funded amount is $25,000. The anticipated start date is approximately seven months from receipt date.
Allowable Costs: Expenses usually allowed under PHS research grants will be covered by the NCIPC dissertation research grant, but may not exceed $25,000 per year in total costs. An application that requests more than $25,000 per year in total costs will be returned to the applicant. Allowable costs include the investigator's salary (not to exceed the current predoctoral fellow level for 12 months full-time effort approved by the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services). In developing the non-modular budget, applicants may also include costs for research assistants' salaries, and direct research project expenses, such as data processing, payments to subjects, supplies, consultants, and dissertation costs (e.g., printing and binding of the dissertation). No tuition, alteration/renovations, contracting costs, faculty salary, or space rental are allowed on dissertation research grants. Indirect costs are limited to eight percent of requested direct costs, less equipment. Travel expenses for a two day trip to CDC in Atlanta to present research findings must be included in the budget.
If an applicant requests a funding amount greater than the ceiling of the award range, HHS/CDC will consider the application non-responsive, and it will not enter into the review process. HHS/CDC will notify the applicant that the application did not meet the submission requirements.
Because the nature and scope of the proposed research will vary from application to application, it is anticipated that the size and duration of each award will also vary. Although the financial plans of the CIO (s) provide support for this program, awards pursuant to this funding opportunity are contingent upon the availability of funds and the receipt of a sufficient number of meritorious applications.
Section III. Eligibility Information
1. Eligible Applicants
1.A. Eligible Institutions
You may submit an application if your organization has any of the following characteristics:
The institution must be in the United States and must support an accredited doctoral level training program. Foreign organizations are not eligible for this FOA. Funding is limited to doctoral students at universities and colleges in order to support researcher training to increase the population of violence researchers. By definition, a doctoral research student must be enrolled in a university or college that offers this type of training.
Institutions must have staff and facilities available on site to provide a suitable environment for performing high-quality research. The applicant organization must be the doctoral granting institution at which the student is registered and matriculating. Individuals cannot apply directly.
2. Cost Sharing or Matching
Cost sharing or matching funds are not required
The most current HHS Grants Policy Statement is available
at: http://www.hhs.gov/grantsnet/docs/HHSGPS_107.doc
3. Other-Special Eligibility Criteria
To be considered responsive to this announcement, the following criteria must be met
If your application is incomplete or non-responsive to the special requirements listed in this section, it will not be entered into the review process.
Note: Title 2 of the United States Code Section 1611 states that an organization described in Section 501(c)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code that engages in lobbying activities is not eligible to receive Federal funds constituting an award, grant, or loan.
Section IV. Application and Submission Information
To download a SF424 (R&R) Application Package and SF424 (R&R) Application Instructions for completing the SF424 (R&R) forms for this FOA, link to Grants.gov/Apply and follow the directions provided on that Web site.
A one-time registration is required for institutions/organizations at the following:
IMPORTANT: both the applicant organization, as well as the PD/PI must register in eRA Commons for an application to be accepted electronically. The Credentials Log-In, referenced in Section IV. 2. Content and Form of Application Submission, is obtained through Step #3 in the required actions below.
PD/PIs should work with their institutions/organizations to make sure they are registered in the eRA Commons.
The following three steps are required before an applicant institution/organization can submit an electronic application, as follows:
1) Organizational/Institutional Registration in Grants.gov Get Registered, http://www.grants.gov/applicants/get_registered.jsp
2) Organizational/Institutional Registration in the eRA Commons Prepare to Apply, http://era.nih.gov/ElectronicReceipt/preparing.htm
3) Project Director/Principal Investigator (PD/PI) Registration in the eRA Commons: Refer to the NIH eRA Commons System (COM) Users Guide.
Note that if a PD/PI is also an HHS peer-reviewer with an Individual DUNS and CCR registration, that particular DUNS number and CCR registration are for the individual reviewer only. These are different than any DUNS number and CCR registration used by an applicant organization. Individual DUNS and CCR registration should be used only for the purposes of personal reimbursement and should not be used on any grant applications submitted to the Federal Government.
Several of the steps of the registration process could take four weeks or more. Therefore, applicants should immediately check with their business official to determine whether their organization/institution is already registered in both Grants.gov and the eRA Commons. The HHS/CDC strongly encourages applicants to use the Grants.gov electronic applications process and have organizations and PD/PIs complete all necessary registrations.
1. Request Application Information
Applicants must download the SF424 (R&R) application
forms and SF424 (R&R) Application Guide for this FOA through Grants.gov/Apply.
Note: Only the forms package directly attached to a specific FOA can be used. You will not be able to use any other SF424 (R&R) forms (e.g., sample forms, forms from another FOA) although some of the "Attachment" files may be useable for more than one FOA.
If you do not have access to the Internet, or if you have difficulty accessing the forms online, you may contact the CDC Procurement and Grants Office Technical Information Management Section (PGOTIMS) staff. For this, or further assistance, contact PGO TIMS: Telephone (770) 488-2700, Email: PGOTIM@cdc.gov.
HHS/CDC Telecommunications for the hearing impaired: TTY 770-488-2783.
2. Content and Form of Application Submission
Prepare all applications using the SF424 (R&R) application forms and in accordance with the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide (MS Word or PDF).
The SF424 (R&R) Application Guide is critical to submitting a complete and accurate application to HHS/CDC. There are fields within the SF424 (R&R) application components that, although not marked as mandatory, are required by HHS/CDC (e.g., the Credential log-in field of the Research & Related Senior/Key Person Profile component must contain the PD/PI assigned eRA Commons User ID). Agency-specific instructions for such fields are clearly identified in the Application Guide. For additional information, see Tips and Tools for Navigating Electronic Submission on the front page of Electronic Submission of Grant Applications.
The SF424 (R&R) application is comprised of data arranged in separate components. Some components are required, others are optional. The forms package associated with this FOA in Grants.gov/APPLY will include all applicable components, mandatory and optional. A completed application in response to this FOA will include the following components:
Required Components:
SF424 (R&R) (Cover component)
Research & Related Project/Performance Site
Locations
Research & Related Other Project Information
Research & Related Senior/Key Person
Research & Related Budget
PHS398 Cover Page Supplement
PHS398 Research Plan
PHS398 Checklist
Optional Components:
PHS398 Cover Letter File
Research & Related Subaward Budget Attachment(s)
Form
Note: While both budget components are included in the SF424 (R&R) forms package, the CDC R49 uses ONLY the detailed Research & Related Budget. (Do not use the PHS 398 Modular Budget.)
3. Submission Dates and Times
See Section IV.3.A for details
3.A. Submission,
Review and Anticipated Start Dates
Letter of Intent Receipt Date: January
17, 2008
Application Submission Receipt Date(s): February
15, 2008
Peer Review Date: March April,
2008
Council Review Date: May June,
2008
Earliest Anticipated Start Date: September,
2008
3.A.1. Letter of Intent
Prospective applicants are asked to submit a letter of intent that includes the following information:
Although a letter of intent is not required, is not binding, and does not enter into the review of a subsequent application, the information that it contains allows CDC Program staff to estimate the potential review workload and plan the review.
The letter of intent is to be sent by the date listed in Section IV.3.A
The letter of intent should be sent by mail, fax or email to:
NCIPC Extramural Resources Team
CDC, National Center for Injury
Prevention and Control
Address for Express Mail or Delivery Service:
2945 Flowers Rd. S.
Yale Building, Room 2054
Atlanta, GA 30341
Address for U.S. Postal Service Mail:
4770 Buford Hwy.
NE, Mailstop K-62
Atlanta, GA 30341
FAX: (770) 488-1662
Email: CIPERT@cdc.gov
Telephone: (770) 488-4037
3.B. Submitting an Application to CDC
If the instructions in this announcement differ in any way from the SF424 R&R instructions, follow the instructions in this announcement.
To submit an application in response to this FOA, applicants should access this FOA via http://www.grants.gov/Apply and follow steps 1-4. If submittal of the application is done electronically through Grants.gov (http://www.grants.gov), the application will be electronically time/date stamped by Grants.gov. The applicants Authorized Organization Representative (AOR) will receive an e-mail notice of receipt from eRA Commons and Grants.gov when HHS/CDC receives the application.
All requested information must be received in the HHS/CDC Procurement and Grants Office by 5:00 p.m. Eastern Standard Time on the deadline date. If an applicant submits materials by the United States Postal Service or commercial delivery service, you must ensure that the carrier will be able to guarantee delivery by the closing date and time. If HHS/CDC receives your submission after closing because of : (1) carrier error, when the carrier accepted the package with a guarantee for delivery by the closing date and time, or (2) significant weather delays or natural disasters, you have the opportunity to submit documentation of the carrier’s guarantee. If the documentation verifies a carrier problem, HHS/CDC will consider the submission as having been received by the deadline.
This announcement is the definitive guide on Letter Of Intent (LOI) and application content, submission address, and deadline. It supersedes information provided in the application instructions. If your application does not meet the deadline described in Section IV.3.A, it will not be eligible for review, and HHS/CDC will discard it. You will receive notification that you did not meet the submission requirements.
Otherwise, HHS/CDC will not notify you upon receipt of your paper submission. If you have a question about the receipt of your application, first contact your courier. If you still have a question, contact the PGO-TIMS staff at: 770-488-2700. Before calling, please wait two to three days after the submission deadline. This will allow time for HHS/CDC to process and log submissions.
If submitting a paper application, it must be prepared using the 424 R&R instructions for preparing a research grant application. Submit a signed, typewritten original of the application and all appendices, including the checklist, and three signed photocopy(s) to the following address:
Technical Information Management Section RFA-CE-08-005
CDC, Procurements and Grants Office
U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services
2920 Brandywine Road
Atlanta, GA 30341
Phone: 770-488-2700 EST
3.C. Application Processing
HHS/CDC must receive applications on or before 5:00 P.M. Eastern Standard Time
on the application submission date(s) described above (Section IV.3.A.). If HHS/CDC receives an application
after that submission date and time, the application may be delayed in the
review process or not reviewed.
Once an application package has been successfully submitted through Grants.gov, any errors have been addressed, and the assembled application has been created in the eRA Commons, the PD/PI and the Authorized Organization Representative/Signing Official (AOR/SO) have two business days to view the application image.
Upon receipt, applications will be evaluated for completeness and responsiveness by NCIPC and HHS/CDC Procurement and Grants Office (PGO). HHS/CDC will not review incomplete and non-responsive applications.
There will be an acknowledgement of receipt of applications from Grants.gov and the eRA Commons.
The HHS/CDC will not accept any application in response to this FOA that is essentially the same as one currently pending initial review, unless the applicant withdraws the pending application. However, when a previously unfunded application, originally submitted as an investigator-initiated application, is to be submitted in response to a funding opportunity, it is to be prepared as a NEW application. That is, the application for the funding opportunity must not include an Introduction describing the changes and improvements made, and the text must not be marked to indicate the changes from the previous unfunded version of the application.
Executive Order 12372 does not apply to this program.
All HHS/CDC awards are subject to the terms and conditions, cost principles, and other considerations described in the HHS Grants Policy Statement.
Restrictions, which applicants must take into account while writing their budgets, are as follows:
6. Other Submission Requirements
Applicants research plan(s) should address activities they will conduct over the entire project period.
The HHS/CDC requires the PD/PI to fill in his/her eRA Commons User ID in the PROFILE Project Director/Principal Investigator section, Credential log-in field of the Research & Related Senior/Key Person Profile component. The applicant organization must include its DUNS number in its Organizational Profile in the eRA Commons. This DUNS number must match the DUNS number provided at CCR registration with Grants.gov. For additional information, see Registration FAQs Important Tips Electronic Submission of Grant Applications.
Research Plan Component Sections
While each section of the Research Plan component needs to be uploaded separately as a .pdf attachment, applicants are encouraged to construct the Research Plan component as a single document, separating sections into distinct .pdf attachments just before uploading the files. This approach will enable applicants to better monitor formatting requirements such as page limits. All attachments must be provided to HHS/CDC in .pdf format, filenames must be included with no spaces or special characters, and a .pdf extension must be used. Do not include any information in a header or footer of the attachments. A header will be system-generated that references the PD/PI. Page numbers for the footer will be system-generated in the complete application, with all pages sequentially numbered; therefore, do not number the pages of your attachments. Your research plan must not exceed 10 pages. If your research plan exceeds the page limitation, your application may be considered unresponsive and ineligible for review.
The following materials may be included in the Appendix:
Up to 10 publications, manuscripts (accepted for publication), abstracts, patents, or other printed materials directly relevant to the proposed project. Do not include manuscripts submitted for publication. Applicants should refer to instruction guides and specific Funding Opportunity Announcements (FOAs) to determine the appropriate limit on the number of publications that may be submitted for a particular program. Note that not all grant activity codes allow the inclusion of publications.
Please note the following restriction on appendix attachments: The Research Plan Appendix attachments are limited to 10 attachments. Appendices are uploaded as attachments in the PHS 398 Research Plan form, in field #18, within the electronic application package. An applicant will receive an error message if the number of appendix attachments exceeds 10, which will result in an unsuccessful submission of the application. You may include more than one publication, or other allowable appendix material, within one attachment; however, do not let your attachments exceed 10.
Do not use the Appendix to circumvent the page limitations of the Research Plan component. An application that does not observe the relevant policies and procedures may not be considered in the review process. Applicants are reminded to review specific FOAs for any additional program-specific guidance on Appendix material and other application requirements.
It is especially important that the abstract (Description, SF424 form page 2) of your grant application reflect the project’s focus; the abstract will be used to help determine the responsiveness of the application. The following instructions supersede those provided in the SF424 instructions. If your application is funded, your abstract will become public information.
The abstract should contain the following sections:
The language of the abstract must be simple and easy to understand for a broad audience. For more information on how to write an abstract please see the Structured Abstracts section at: http://jama.ama-assn.org/ifora_current.dtl
Research Plan
You must include a research plan in your application. The research plan should address activities to be conducted over the entire project period. The research plan should include the following information:
The following materials must be included in the Appendix:
Plan for Sharing Research Data
Note: HHS/CDC normally requires a plan for sharing research data. However, only proposals submitted to NCIPC for individual research projects of $500,000 or more in total (direct and indirect) costs per year require the applicant to include a data-sharing plan. Because the ceiling for this FOA is below $500,000, a data sharing plan is not required and the HHS/CDC steps outlined in this section do not apply.
Sharing Research Resources
Not applicable
Section V. Application Review Information
1. Criteria
Only the review criteria described below will be considered in the review process.
2. Review and Selection Process
Applications that are complete
and responsive to the RFA will be evaluated for scientific and technical
merit by an appropriate peer review group convened by NCIPC in accordance
with the review criteria stated below.
As part of the initial merit review, all applications
will:
The goals of HHS/CDC-supported research are to advance the understanding of health promotion and the prevention of disease, injury, and disability, and enhance preparedness. In the written comments, evaluate the application to judge the likelihood the proposed research will have a substantial impact on the pursuit of these goals. Each of these criteria will be addressed by the reviewers and considered in assigning the overall score, weighting them as appropriate for each application.
Note that an application does not need to be strong in all
categories to be judged likely to have major scientific impact and thus
deserve a high priority score. For example, an investigator may propose
to carry out important work that by its nature is not innovative but is
essential to move a field forward.
Significance: Does this study address an important problem? If the applicant
achieves the aims of the application, how will it advance scientific knowledge
or clinical practice? What will be the effect of these studies on the concepts,
methods, technologies, treatments, or preventative interventions that drive
this field?
Approach: Are the conceptual or clinical framework, design, methods, and analyses adequately developed, well integrated, well reasoned, and appropriate to the aims of the project? Does the applicant acknowledge potential problem areas and consider alternative tactics? Does the project include plans to measure progress toward achieving the stated objectives? Is there an appropriate work plan included?
Innovation: Is the project original and innovative? For example: Does the project challenge existing paradigms or clinical practice; address an innovative hypothesis or critical barrier to progress in the field? Does the project develop or employ novel concepts, approaches, methodologies, tools, or technologies for this area?
Investigators: Are the investigators appropriately trained and well suited to carry out this work? Is the work proposed appropriate to the experience level of the principal investigator and other researchers? Does the investigative team bring complementary and integrated expertise to the project (if applicable)? Is the principal investigator a graduate student in good standing enrolled in an accredited doctoral degree program and has successfully defended their dissertation proposal? Is there a prior history of the principal investigator conducting violence prevention research? Has the applicant clearly defined the underrepresented, minority community and the risk of being disproportionately affected by violence: Does the applicant have prior or existing experience working with this community including letters of support?
Environment: Does the scientific environment in which the work will be done contribute to the probability of success? Do the proposed studies benefit from unique features of the scientific environment, or subject populations, or employ useful collaborative arrangements? Is there evidence of institutional support? Is there an appropriate degree of commitment and cooperation of other interested parties, particularly an identified mentor, as evidenced by letters of support detailing the nature and extent of the involvement?
2.A. Additional Review Criteria
In addition to the above criteria, the following
items will continue to be considered in the determination of scientific
merit and the priority score:
Application Review
Protection of Human Subjects from Research Risk: When human subjects are involved, HHS/CDC will assess the available protections from research risk that relate to their participation in the proposed research [see the Research Plan, Section 2, item 8 on Human Subjects in the SF424 (R&R)] located at, http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/humansubjects/guidance/45cfr46.htm. Additional HHS/CDC Requirements under AR-1 Human Subjects Requirements are available on the Internet at the following address: http://www.cdc.gov/od/pgo/funding/ARs.htm.
Inclusion of Women and Minorities
in Research:
Does the application adequately
address the HHS/CDC Policy requirements regarding the inclusion of women,
ethnic, and racial groups in the proposed research? This includes: (1)
The proposed plan for the inclusion of both sexes and racial and ethnic
minority populations for appropriate representation; (2) The proposed
justification when representation is limited or absent; (3) A statement
as to whether the design of the study is adequate to measure differences
when warranted; and (4) A statement as to whether the plans for recruitment
and outreach for study participants include the process of establishing
partnerships with community(ies) and recognition of mutual benefits (see
Section 2, item 9 Inclusion or Women and Minorities of the Research Plan
component of the SF424 (R&R).
Care and Use of Vertebrate Animals in Research: If applicants plan to use vertebrate animals in the project,
HHS/CDC will assess the five items described under Section 2, item 12
Vertebrate Animals of the Research Plan component of the SF424 (R&R). Additional
HHS/CDC Requirements under AR-3 Animal Subjects Requirements are available
on the Internet at the following address: http://www.cdc.gov/od/pgo/funding/ARs.htm.
Biohazards: If
applicants propose the applicant has proposed materials or procedures that
are potentially hazardous to research personnel and/or the environment,
HHS/CDC will determine if the proposed protection is adequate.
2.B. Additional Review Considerations
Budget and Period of Support: The
reasonableness of the proposed budget and the appropriateness of the requested
period of support in relation to the proposed research may be assessed by
the reviewers. Is the number of person months listed for the effort of the
PD/PI appropriate for the work proposed? Is each budget category realistic
and justified in terms of the aims and methods? The evaluation of the budget
should not affect the priority score.
2.C. Sharing Research Data
Note: HHS/CDC normally requires a plan for sharing research data. However, only proposals submitted to NCIPC for individual research projects of $500,000 or more in total (direct and indirect) costs per year require the applicant to include a data-sharing plan. Because the ceiling for this FOA is below $500,000, a data sharing plan is not required and the HHS/CDC steps outlined in this section do not apply.
2.D. Sharing Research Resources
Not applicable
3. Anticipated Announcement and Award Dates
Grantees will be notified September, 2008 of receipt of application by the HHS/CDC’s Procurement and Grants Office (PGO) if their applications were selected for funding.
Section VI. Award Administration Information
1. Award Notices
After the peer review of the application is completed,
the applicant organization will receive a written critique called a Summary
Statement. The applicant organization and the PD/PI will be able to access
the Summary Statement via the eRA Commons.
HHS/CDC will contact those applicants under consideration for funding for additional information.
A formal notification in the form of a Notice of Award (NoA) will be provided to the applicant organization. The NoA signed by the Grants Management Officer (GMO) is the authorizing document. HHS/CDC will mail and/or e-mail this document to the recipient fiscal officer identified in the application.
Selection of the application for award is not an authorization to begin performance. Any cost incurred before receipt of the NoA is at the recipient’s risk. These costs may be reimbursed only to the extent considered allowable pre-award costs. See also Section IV.5. Funding Restrictions.
2. Administrative and National Policy Requirements
The Code of Federal Regulations 45 CFR Part 74 and Part 92 have details about policy requirements. For more information on the Code of Federal Regulations, see the National Archives and Records Administration at the following Internet address: http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/cfr-table-search.html. Additional requirements are available in Section VIII. Other Information on this document or on the CDC website at the following Internet address: http://www.cdc.gov/od/pgo/funding/ARs.htm. These will be incorporated into the NoA by reference.
The following terms and conditions
will be incorporated into the NoA and will be provided to the appropriate
institutional official and a courtesy copy to the PD/PI at the time of
award.
3. Reporting
Recipient Organization must provide HHS/CDC with an original, plus two hard
copies of the following reports:
Recipient Organization must forward these reports by the U.S. Postal Service or express delivery to the Grants Management Specialist listed in the Agency Contacts section of this FOA.
Although the financial plans of the HHS/CDC CIO(s) provide support for this program, awards pursuant to this funding opportunity are contingent upon the availability of funds, evidence of satisfactory progress by the recipient (as documented in required reports) and the determination that continued funding is in the best interest of the Federal government.
HHS/CDC encourages your inquiries concerning this FOA and welcomes
the opportunity to answer questions from potential applicants. Inquiries
can fall into three areas: scientific/research, peer review, and financial
or grants management issues:
1. Scientific/Research Contacts:
Adele M. Childress, Ph. D, M.S.P.H
Scientific Program Administrator
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control
Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
4770 Buford Hwy, NE, Mailstop K-02
Telephone: (770) 488-4233
FAX: (770) 488-4422
Email: achildress@cdc.gov
2. Peer Review Contacts:
Felix Rogers, Ph.D. , MPH
Scientific Review Administrator
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control
Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
4770 Buford Hwy, NE, Mailstop K-02
Atlanta, GA 30341
Telephone: (770) 488-4334
FAX: (770) 488-4422
Email: frogers@cdc.gov
3. Financial or Grants Management Contacts:
Tracey Coleman, Grants Management
Specialist
CDC Procurement and Grants Office
2920 Brandywine Road
Atlanta, GA 30341
Telephone: 770-488-2074
FAX: 770-488-2688
E-mail: TColeman23@cdc.gov
4. General Questions Contacts:
Technical Information Management Section
CDC Procurement and Grants Office
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
2920 Brandywine Road
Atlanta, GA 30341
Telephone:
770-488-2700
Email: PGOTIM@cdc.gov
5. Special Guidelines for Technical Assistance:
NCIPC Website: For additional help in preparing your grant application please see the frequently asked questions section on the NCIPC webpage at: http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/res-opps/2004pas.htm.
Conference Call
Technical assistance will be available for potential applicants during one conference call. The call for eligible applicants will be held on January 15, 2008 from 1:30 p.m. to 3:30 p.m. (Eastern Time). The conference can be accessed by calling: 1-866-704-7564, stating the leader name: Ms Lady Patterson, and entering the passcode: 1314492.
Participation in this conference call is not mandatory.
At the time of the call, if you have problems accessing the conference call, please call 770-488-1044 for assistance.
Section VIII. Other Information
Required Federal Citations
Human Subjects Protection:
Federal regulations (45 CFR Part 46) require
that applications and proposals involving human subjects must be evaluated
with reference to the risks to the subjects, the adequacy of protection
against these risks, the potential benefits of the research to the subjects
and others, and the importance of the knowledge gained or to be gained (http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/humansubjects/guidance/45cfr46.htm). Additional
HHS/CDC Requirements under AR-1 Human Subjects Requirements can be found
on the Internet at the following address: http://www.cdc.gov/od/pgo/funding/ARs.htm.
Use of Animals in Research:
Recipients of PHS support for activated involving
live, vertebrate animals must comply with PHS Policy on Humane Care and
Use of Laboratory Animals (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/references/PHSPolicyLabAnimals.pdf)
as mandated by the Health Research Extension Act of 1985 (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/references/hrea1985.htm),
and the USDA Animal Welfare Regulations (http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/legislat/usdaleg1.htm)
as applicable. Additional HHS/CDC Requirements under AR-3 Animal Subjects
Requirements can be found at http://www.cdc.gov/od/pgo/funding/ARs.htm.
Requirements for Inclusion of Women and Racial
and Ethnic Minorities in Research
It is the policy of the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Agency for Toxic Substances
and Disease Registry (ATSDR) to ensure that individuals of both sexes
and the various racial and ethnic groups will be included in CDC/ATSDR-supported
research projects involving human subjects, whenever feasible and appropriate.
Racial and ethnic groups are those defined in OMB Directive No. 15 and
include American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Black or African American,
Hispanic or Latino, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. Applicants
shall ensure that women, racial and ethnic minority populations are appropriately
represented in applications for research involving human subjects. Where
clear and compelling rationale exist that inclusion is inappropriate or
not feasible, this situation must be explained as part of the application.
This policy does not apply to research studies when the investigator cannot
control the race, ethnicity, and/or sex of subjects. Further guidance
to this policy is contained in the Federal Register, Vol. 60, No. 179,
pages 47947-47951, and dated Friday, September 15, 1995.
INCLUSION OF PERSONS UNDER THE AGE OF 21 IN RESEARCH
The policy of CDC is that persons under the age of 21 must be included in
all human subjects research that is conducted or supported by CDC, unless
there are scientific and ethical reasons not to include them. This policy
applies to all CDC-conducted or CDC-supported research involving human
subjects, including research that is otherwise exempt in accordance with
Sections 101(b) and 401(b) of 45 C.F.R.
Part 46, HHS Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects. Therefore,
proposals for research involving human subjects must include a description
of plans for including persons under the age of 21. If persons under the
age of 21 will be excluded from the research, the application or proposal
must present an acceptable justification for the exclusion.
In an extramural research plan, the investigator should create a section titled "Participation of persons under the age of 21." This section should provide either a description of the plans to include persons under the age of 21 and a rationale for selecting or excluding a specific age range, or an explanation of the reason(s) for excluding persons under the age of 21 as participants in the research. When persons under the age of 21 are included, the plan must also include a description of the expertise of the investigative team for dealing with individuals at the ages included, the appropriateness of the available facilities to accommodate the included age groups, and the inclusion of a sufficient number of persons under the age of 21 to contribute to a meaningful analysis relative to the purpose of the study. Scientific review groups at CDC will assess each application as being acceptable or unacceptable in regard to the age-appropriate inclusion or exclusion of persons under the age of 21 in the research project, in addition to evaluating the plans for conducting the research in accordance with these provisions.
The inclusion of children (as defined by the applicable law of the jurisdiction in which the research will be conducted) as subjects in research must be in compliance with all applicable subparts of 45 C.F.R. Part 46, as well as with other pertinent federal laws and regulations.
The policy of inclusion of persons under the age of 21 in CDC-conducted or CDC-supported research activities in foreign countries (including collaborative activities) is the same as that for research conducted in the United States.
Public Health System Reporting Requirements
This program is subject to the Public Health System
Reporting Requirements. Under these requirements, all community-based
non-governmental organizations submitting health services applications
must prepare and submit the items identified below to the head of the
appropriate State and/or local health agency(s) in the program area(s)
that may be impacted by the proposed project no later than the application
deadline date of the Federal application. The appropriate State and/or
local health agency is determined by the applicant. The following information
must be provided:
A. A copy of the face page of the application (SF 424).
B. A summary of the project that should be titled "Public Health System Impact Statement" (PHSIS), not exceed one page, and include the following:
- A description of the population to be served.
- A summary of the services to be provided.
- A description of the coordination plans with the appropriate state and/or local health agencies.
If the State and/or local health official should desire a copy of the entire application, it may be obtained from the State Single Point of Contact (SPOC) or directly from the applicant.
Paperwork Reduction Act Requirements
Under the Paperwork Reduction Act, projects that involve the
collection of information from 10 or more individuals and funded by a
grant or a cooperative agreement will be subject to review and approval
by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB).
Smoke-Free Workplace Requirements
CDC strongly encourages all recipients to provide
a smoke-free workplace and to promote abstinence from all tobacco products.
Public Law 103-227, the Pro-Children Act of 1994, prohibits smoking in
certain facilities that receive Federal funds in which education, library,
day care, health care, or early childhood development services are provided
to children.
Healthy People 2010
The Public
Health Service (PHS) is committed to achieving the health promotion and
disease prevention objectives of
"Healthy People 2010," a PHS-led national activity for setting
priority areas. This PA is related to one or more of the priority areas.
Potential applicants may obtain a copy of "Healthy People 2010" at www.healthypeople.gov.
Lobbying Restrictions
Applicants should be aware of restrictions on the
use of HHS funds for lobbying of Federal or State legislative bodies.
Under the provisions of 31 U.S.C. Section 1352, recipients (and their
sub-tier contractors) are prohibited from using appropriated Federal funds
(other than profits from a Federal contract) for lobbying congress or
any Federal agency in connection with the award of a particular contract,
grant, cooperative agreement, or loan. This includes grants/cooperative
agreements that, in whole or in part, involve conferences for which Federal
funds cannot be used directly or indirectly to encourage participants
to lobby or to instruct participants on how to lobby.
In addition no part of CDC appropriated funds, shall be used, other than for normal and recognized executive-legislative relationships, for publicity or propaganda purposes, for the preparation, distribution, or use of any kit, pamphlet, booklet, publication, radio, television, or video presentation designed to support or defeat legislation pending before the Congress or any State or local legislature, except in presentation to the Congress or any State or local legislature itself. No part of the appropriated funds shall be used to pay the salary or expenses of any grant or contract recipient, or agent acting for such recipient, related to any activity designed to influence legislation or appropriations pending before the Congress or any State or local legislature.
Any activity designed to influence action in regard to a particular piece of pending legislation would be considered "lobbying." That is lobbying for or against pending legislation, as well as indirect or "grass roots" lobbying efforts by award recipients that are directed at inducing members of the public to contact their elected representatives at the Federal or State levels to urge support of, or opposition to, pending legislative proposals is prohibited. As a matter of policy, HHS/CDC extends the prohibitions to lobbying with respect to local legislation and local legislative bodies.
The provisions are not intended to prohibit all interaction with the legislative branch, or to prohibit educational efforts pertaining to public health. Clearly there are circumstances when it is advisable and permissible to provide information to the legislative branch in order to foster implementation of prevention strategies to promote public health. However, it would not be permissible to influence, directly or indirectly, a specific piece of pending legislation
It remains permissible to use HHS/CDC funds to engage in activity to enhance prevention; collect and analyze data; publish and disseminate results of research and surveillance data; implement prevention strategies; conduct community outreach services; provide leadership and training, and foster safe and healthful environments.
Recipients of HHS/CDC grants and cooperative agreements need to be careful to prevent CDC funds from being used to influence or promote pending legislation. With respect to conferences, public events, publications, and "grassroots" activities that relate to specific legislation, recipients of HHS/CDC funds should give close attention to isolating and separating the appropriate use of HHS/CDC funds from non-CDC funds. HHS/CDC also cautions recipients of HHS/CDC funds to be careful not to give the appearance that HHS/CDC funds are being used to carry out activities in a manner that is prohibited under Federal law.
Prohibition on Use of CDC Funds for Certain Gun Control Activities
The
Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related
Agencies Appropriations Act specifies that:
"None of the funds made available for injury prevention and control
at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention may be used to advocate
or promote gun control."
Anti-Lobbying Act requirements prohibit lobbying Congress with appropriated Federal monies. Specifically, this Act prohibits the use of Federal funds for direct or indirect communications intended or designed to influence a member of Congress with regard to specific Federal legislation. This prohibition includes the funding and assistance of public grassroots campaigns intended or designed to influence members of Congress with regard to specific legislation or appropriation by Congress.
In addition to the restrictions in the Anti-Lobbying Act, HHS/CDC interprets the language in the HHS/CDC's Appropriations Act to mean that HHS/CDC's funds may not be spent on political action or other activities designed to affect the passage of specific Federal, State, or local legislation intended to restrict or control the purchase or use of firearms.
Accounting System Requirements
The services of a certified public accountant licensed
by the State Board of Accountancy or the equivalent must be retained throughout
the project as a part of the recipient's staff or as a consultant to the
recipient's accounting personnel. These services may include the design,
implementation, and maintenance of an accounting system that will record
receipts and expenditures of Federal funds in accordance with accounting
principles, Federal regulations, and terms of the cooperative agreement
or grant.
Capability Assessment
It may be necessary to conduct an on-site evaluation
of some applicant organization's financial management capabilities prior
to or immediately following the award of the grant or cooperative agreement.
Independent audit statements from a Certified Public Accountant (CPA)
for the preceding two fiscal years may also be required.
Proof of Non-profit Status
Proof of nonprofit status must be submitted by
private nonprofit organizations with the application. Any of the following
is acceptable evidence of nonprofit status: (a) a reference to the applicant
organization's listing in the Internal Revenue Service's (IRS) most recent
list of tax-exempt organizations described in section 501(c)(3) of the
IRS Code; (b) a copy of a currently valid IRS tax exemption certificate;
(c) a statement from a State taxing body, State Attorney General, or other
appropriate State Official certifying that the applicant organization
has a nonprofit status and that none of the net earnings accrue to any
private shareholders or individuals; (d) a certified copy of the organization's
certificate of incorporation or similar document that clearly establishes
nonprofit status; (e) any of the above proof for a State or national parent
organization and a statement signed by the parent organization that the
applicant organization is a local nonprofit affiliate.
Security Clearance Requirement
All individuals who will be performing work under
a grant or cooperative agreement in a HHS/CDC-owned or leased facility
(on-site facility) must receive a favorable security clearance, and meet
all security requirements. This means that all awardee employees, fellows,
visiting researchers, interns, etc., no matter the duration of their stay
at HHS/CDC must undergo a security clearance process.
Small, Minority, And Women-owned Business
It is a national policy to place a fair share of
purchases with small, minority and women-owned business firms. The Department
of Health and Human Services is strongly committed to the objective of
this policy and encourages all recipients of its grants and cooperative
agreements to take affirmative steps to ensure such fairness. In particular,
recipients should:
Research Integrity
The signature of the institution official on the face
page of the application submitted under this Funding Opportunity Announcement
is certifying compliance with the Department of Health and Human Services
(DHHS) regulations in Title 42 Part 93, Subparts A-E, entitled PUBLIC HEALTH
SERVICE POLICIES ON RESEARCH MISCONDUCT.
The regulation places requirements on institutions receiving or applying for funds under the PHS Act that are monitored by the DHHS Office of Research Integrity (ORI) (http://ori.hhs.gov./policies/statutes.shtml).
For example:
Section 93.301 Institutional assurances. (a) General policy. An institution with PHS supported biomedical or behavioral research, research training or activities related to that research or research training must provide PHS with an assurance of compliance with this part, satisfactory to the Secretary. PHS funding components may authorize [[Page 28389]] funds for biomedical and behavioral research, research training, or activities related to that research or research training only to institutions that have approved assurances and required renewals on file with ORI. (b) Institutional Assurance. The responsible institutional official must assure on behalf of the institution that the institution-- (1) Has written policies and procedures in compliance with this part for inquiring into and investigating allegations of research misconduct; and (2) Complies with its own policies and procedures and the requirements of this part.
Compliance with Executive
Order 13279
Faith-based organization are eligible to receive federal financial
assistance, and their applications are evaluated in the same manner and
using the same criteria as those for non-faith-based organizations in
accordance with Executive Order 13279, Equal Protection of the Laws for
Faith-Based and Community Organizations. All applicants should, however,
be aware of restrictions on the use of direct financial assistance from
the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) for inherently religious
activities. Under the provisions of Title 45, Parts 74, 87, 92 and 96,
organizations that receive direct financial assistance from DHHS under
any DHHS program may not engage in inherently religious activities, such
as worship, religious instruction, or proselytization as a part of the
programs or services funded with direct financial assistance from DHHS. If
an organization engages in such activities, it must offer them separately,
in time or location, from the programs or services funded with direct
DHHS assistance, and participation must be voluntary for the beneficiaries
of the programs or services funded with such assistance. A religious
organization that participates in the DHHS funded programs or services
will retain its independence from Federal, State, and local governments,
and may continue to carry out its mission, including the definition, practice,
and expression of its religious beliefs, provided that it does not use
direct financial assistance from DHHS to support inherently religious
activities such as those activities described above. A faith-based organization
may, however, use space in its facilities to provide programs or services
funded with financial assistance from DHHS without removing religious
art, icons, scriptures, or other religious symbols. In addition, a religious
organization that receives financial assistance from DHHS retains its
authority over its internal governance, and it may retain religious terms
in its organization=s name, select its board members on a religious basis, and
include religious references in its organization=s
mission statements and other governing documents in accordance with all
program requirements, statutes, and other applicable requirements governing
the conduct of DHHS funded activities. For further guidance on the use
of DHHS direct financial assistance see Title 45, Code of Federal Regulations,
Part 87, Equal Treatment for Faith-Based Organizations, and visit the
internet site: http://www.whitehouse.gov/government/fbci/
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability
Act Requirements
Recipients of this
grant award should note that pursuant to the Standards for Privacy of
Individually Identifiable Health Information promulgated under the Health
Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) (45 CFR Parts 160
and 164) covered entities may disclose protected health information
to public health authorities authorized by law to collect or receive
such information for the purpose of preventing or controlling disease,
injury, or disability, including, but not limited to, the reporting
of disease, injury, vital events such as birth or death, and the conduct
of public health surveillance, public health investigations, and public
health interventions. The definition of a public health authority includes
a person or entity acting under a grant of authority from or contract
with such public agency. HHS/CDC considers this project a public health
activity consistent with the Standards for Privacy of Individually Identifiable
Health Information and CDC will provide successful recipients a specific
grant of public health authority for the purposes of this project.
Release and Sharing of Data
The Data Release Plan is the Grantee's assurance that the dissemination of any and all data collected under the CDC data sharing agreement will be released as follows:
When required (see note below) applications must include a copy of the applicant's Data Release Plan. Applicants should provide CDC with appropriate documentation on the reliability of the data. Applications submitted without the required Plan may be ineligible for award. Award will be made when reviewing officials have approved an acceptable Plan. The successful applicant and the Program Manager will determine the documentation format. HHS/CDC recommends data is released in the form closest to micro data and one that will preserve confidentiality.
Note: Only proposals submitted to NCIPC for individual research projects of $500,000 or more in total (direct and indirect) costs per year require the applicant to include a data-sharing plan. Because the ceiling for this FOA is below $500,000, a data sharing plan is not required.
National Historic Preservation Act of 1966
(Public Law 89-665, 80 Stat. 915)
The grantee’s signature on the grant application attests to their: (1) knowledge of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-665, 80 Stat. 915); and (2) intent to ensure all grant related activities are in compliance with referenced public law, as stated:
a. Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) states:
The head of any Federal agency, having direct or indirect jurisdiction over a proposed Federal or Federally assisted undertaking in any State and the head of any Federal department or independent state agency having authority to license any undertaking, shall, prior to the approval of the expenditure of any Federal funds on the undertaking or prior to the issuance of any license, as the case may be, take into account the effect of the undertaking on any district, site, building, structure, or object that is included in or is eligible for inclusion in the National Register. The head of any such Federal agency shall afford the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation established under Title II of this ACT a reasonable opportunity to comment with regard to such undertaking.
b. Additionally, the NHPA also contains the following excerpt that forbids anticipatory demolition:
Each Federal agency shall ensure that the agency will not grant a loan, loan guarantee, permit, license, or other assistance to an applicant who, with intent to avoid the requirements of Section 106 of this Act, has intentionally, significantly, adversely affected a historic property to which the grant would relate or, having legal power to prevent it, allowed such significant adverse effect to occur, unless the agency, after consultation with the Council, determines that circumstances justify granting such assistance despite the adverse effect created or permitted by the applicant.
Conference Disclaimer and Use of Logos
Disclaimer: Where a conference is funded by a grant or cooperative agreement, a subgrant or a contract the recipient must include the following statement on conference materials, including promotional materials, agenda, and internet sites:
Funding for this conference was made possible [in part] by [insert grant or cooperative agreement award number] from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) or the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) . The views expressed in written conference materials or publications and by speakers and moderators do not necessarily reflect the official policies of the Department of Health and Human Services; nor does mention of trade names, commercial practices, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Logos: Neither the HHS nor the CDC ( CDC includes ATSDR) logo may be displayed if such display would cause confusion as to the source of the conference or give the false appearance of Government endorsement. A non-federal entity’s unauthorized use of the HHS name or logo is governed by U.S.C. 1320b-10, which prohibits the misuse of the HHS name and emblem in written communication. The appropriate use of the HHS logo is subject to the review and approval of the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (OASPA). Moreover, the Office of the Inspector General has authority to impose civil monetary penalties for violations (42 C.F.R. Part 1003). Neither the HHS nor the CDC logo can be used on conference materials under a grant, cooperative agreement, contract or co-sponsorship agreement without the expressed, written consent of either the Project Officer or the Grants Management Officer. It is the responsibility of the grantee (or recipient of funds under a cooperative agreement) to request consent for the use of the logo in sufficient detail to assure a complete depiction and disclosure of all uses of the Government logos, and to assure that in all cases of the use of Government logos, the written consent of either the Project Officer or the Grants Management Officer has been received.
Weekly TOC for this Announcement
NIH Funding Opportunities and Notices
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